Efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy at the inferior limbus for patients of intraocular pressure after failed glaucoma filtration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy at the inferior limbus for patients of intraocular pressure(IOP)after failed glaucoma filtration.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify 51 glaucoma patients with 61 eyes that had undergone trabeculectomy at the inferior limbus for patients of IOP after failed glaucoma filtration. The preoperative and postoperative IOP, visual acuity and number of IOP-lowering drugs, as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications were extracted. Surgical success rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up time ranged from 6-76(mean 30.15±14.10)mo. The preoperative IOP of 61 eyes was 35.98±10.01mmHg, the IOP after the surgery at 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo, 1a and the IOP of last follow-up visit were 9.62±4.90, 13.15±4.51, 16.05±7.37, 16.48±6.81, 16.68±6.42, 16.77±7.56 mmHg respectively, all of these were different compared to the preoperative IOP(P<0.001). The postoperative complete success rates at 6mo, 1 and 2a were 62%, 49% and 36%, respectively and the partial success rates were 93%, 85% and 81%, respectively. There were 34 eyes(56%)formed functional filtration blebs. There were 3.33±0.77 kinds of IOP-lowering eye drops used before surgery, and it was decreased to 1.41±1.44 kinds of eye drops(t=9.86, P<0.001)at 3mo after surgery. There was no severe complication observed such as filtering bleb infection and endophthalmitis.CONCLUSION: Trabeculectomy at the inferior limbus offers the opportunity for patients with uncontrolled IOP after failed glaucoma filtration, and it can still be used as a safe and effective treatment for patients, although it is relatively difficult to operate.

Effect of Individualized Occupational Therapy on Occupational Performance of Patients with Schizophrenia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of individualized occupational therapy on occupational performance of schizophrenic patients. Methods:From 2016 to 2018, 30 schizophrenic patients hospitalized over one year in Beijing Anding Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 15) and experimental group (n = 15). The control group was given routine group work activities, and the experimental group was given individualized occupational therapy, 30 minutes a time, once a day, five days a week for four weeks. The Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation Scale (COTE) was used to evaluate the occupational performance of schizophrenic patients before and after treatment。 Results:The difference value of COTE score was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t = 3.842, P < 0.01), especially for interpersonal communication behavior and task behavior (t > 3.106, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Individualized occupational therapy could improve the occupational performance of patients with schizophrenia.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in a Very Elderly Chinese Population: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objectives@#This paper aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and explore the associated risk factors in a very elderly southwest Chinese population.@*Methods@#From September 2015 to June 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to obtain a representative sample of 1,326 participants over 80 years old living in Chengdu. The presence of DM was based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose (2-hPG) levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios ( s) and 95% confidence intervals ( s) of the potential associated factors.@*Results@#The participants' mean age was 83.5 ± 3.1 years. The overall prevalence of DM was 27.4%. The prevalence was higher in males (30.2%) than females (24.7%) ( = 0.02). The prevalence of DM increased with body mass index (BMI) and decreased with aging. The multivariate analysis suggested that male sex ( = 1.433; 95% , 1.116-1.843), hypertension ( = 1.439; 95% , 1.079-1.936), overweight or obesity ( = 1.371; 95% , 1.023-1.834), high heart rate (≥ 75 beats/min; = 1.362; 95% , 1.063-1.746), and abdominal obesity ( = 1.615; 95% , 1.216-2.149) were all significantly positively correlated with DM. However, age was negatively correlated with DM ( = 0.952; 95% , 0.916-0.989).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of DM and newly diagnosed DM in a very elderly southwest Chinese population was high. OGTT screening should be performed regularly in people aged ≥ 80 years to ensure timely diagnosis of DM.

Prevalence and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among 322 pregnant women in Jianyang City / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression among pregnant women in Jianyang City. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 322 pregnant women in Jianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jianyang City. The depression and anxiety of the participants were measured with self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS)，and the degree of social support was measured with social support rating scale (SSRS). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between anxiety, depression and social support. The chi square ( 2) test and the non-conditional Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety and depression. Results Anxiety rate and depression rate of pregnant women in Jianyang city were 5.3% and 5.6% respectively. There was a negative correlation between anxiety, depression and social support (P<0.05). Absence of prenatal examination (OR=4.554, 95% CI: 1.063-19.510) was a risk factor for anxiety among pregnant women in Jianyang City. Late pregnancy (OR=5.381, 95% CI: 1.422-20.363) and medium degree of social support (OR=4.150, 95% CI: 1.198-14.375) were risk factors for depression among pregnant women in Jianyang City. Junior high school (OR=0.015, 95% CI: 0.001-0.275), high school or technical secondary school (OR=0.004, 95% CI: 0.001-0.128), junior college or above (OR=0.053, 95% CI: 0.003-0.851) were protective factors for depression. Conclusions The prevelance of anxiety and depression in pregnant women cannot be ignored. It is important to carry out mental health intervention according to the above factors.

Etiology and epidemiological characteristics of gastroenteritis virus in food-borne diarrhea from three cities in Shandong Province, 2017 / 中华预防医学杂志

To analyze the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of gastroenteritis virus in foodborne diseases from three cities in Shandong. From January to December 2017, six sentinel hospitals in Jinan, Yantai and Linyi city of Shandong Province were selected as the research sites. Stool samples of 1 397 diarrhea patients were collected, as well as basic information and clinical symptoms. Duplex quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect Norovirus genogroupⅠ (Nov GⅠ) and genogroupⅡ (Nov GⅡ), Sapovirus (SAV) and Human astrovirus (HAstV), respectively, quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect group A Rotavirus (RVA), and quantitative PCR was used to detect Enteric adenovirus (EAdV). The specific gene of the virus were sequenced and typed. It was compared that the gastroenteritis virus rate in cases with different characteristics and the clinical symptoms difference between the virus positive and negative cases. The median age ((25), (75)) was 23 (1, 42) , mainly male, 57.48% with 803 cased and children under 5 years old, 36.36% with 508 cases. The positive rate of gastroenteritis virus was 33.93% (474 cases), and that of Jinan, Linyi and Yantai City were 32.03% (147/459), 41.54% (189/455) and 28.57% (138/483), respectively (0.001). Nov GⅡ had the highest positive rate, 16.54% (231 cases), which, mainly GⅡ.P16/GⅡ.2 (48.28%, 56/116), peaked in May (24.75%, 50/202) and June (19.59%, 38/194). In patients of gastroenteritis virus positive, 44.51% (211/474) had vomiting symptoms, higher than that of patients of gastroenteritis virus negative (34.13%, 315/923). The difference was statistically significant (0.001). In Shandong Province, the majority of gastroenteritis patients were male and children under 5 years old. Nov GⅡ possessed highest epidemic intensity, and peaked in spring and summer. Viral gastroenteritis had atypical clinical symptoms.

Quality of life and its influencing factors of hepatitis B positive in pregnant women in Jianyang / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the quality of life in pregnant women with hepatitis B positive and to explore its influencing factors. Methods Eighty pregnant women with positive hepatitis B were randomly selected from Jan. to Apr. 2018 in Jianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital as the case group, and 323 normal pregnant women were selected as the control group. A face-to-face survey was conducted using the Concise Health Survey Scale SF-36. t test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results The scores of PF and RP in the case group were lower than those in the control group, and the scores of GH in the case group were higher than those in the control group. Analysis of the factors affecting the quality of life of the case group found that the more severe the early pregnancy reaction, the lower the quality of life score. Conclusions The PF and RP of pregnant women with hepatitis B positive in Jianyang City are worse than those of normal pregnant women. Comprehensive measures should be taken to improve their quality of life.

Clinical analysis of 17 patients with corneal invasion of filtering blebafter anti-glaucomatous filtering surgery / 眼科新进展

Objective To report a postoperative complication of corneal invasion of filtering bleb (CIFB) and the analysis of its diagnosis and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 17 patients with CIFB collected from March 2006 to April 2017.They were treated according to the classification standards.Patients suffering the mild type with no obvious conjunctival post-adhesion received conservative observation;but patients with obvious adhesion were given acupuncture separation combined with 5-Fluorouracil filter follicular subconjunctival injection and eye massage.The moderate type with no progress was treated with the mild and mediumpartial filtration and amniotic membrane transplantation.For the severe ones,the conjunctiva filtering bleb was excised with lamellar keratoplasty and filtering bleb reconstruction.Finally,the clinical features,classification standards and the follow-up results were summarized.Results As for the clinical features,17 patients were treated with domeas the basement of the conjunctival incision,and received intraoperative mitomycin administration.For the patients with CIFB growing rapidly,the posterior synechiae of their filtering blebs had occurred and timely actions could slow down or stop its development.As for the classification standards,according to the degree of corneal invasion,there were 11 patients being mild type,5 patients being moderate types,and only 1 patients being severe type.After treatment,the progress stopped in all mild patients,while the moderate and severe types were not relapsed after treatment.Conclusion CIFB is different from overhanging filtering bleb.As a less common kind of filtering bleb complication,timely identification and appropriate treatments can effectively delay or even stop the progress of corneal damage to maintain the filtering surgery effects.

Clinical effects of the in-situ microinvasive revision surgery on the fibrotic filtering bleb with the guidance of UBM / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of microinvasive revision surgery on the patients of the fibrotic filtering bleb with the guidance of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).Methods A prospective,nonrandomized clinical controlled trial was conducted,which had 2 groups according to the results from UBM during the same period in our hospital,including the patients with the microinvasive revision surgery (28 patients of 28 eyes,group A) and the in-situ traditional revision surgery of larger incision (27 patients of 27 eyes,group B).The clinical data of the patients were collected and the main observation targets were the change of the postoperative visual acuity (VA),intraocular pressure (IOP),the operation success rate and the complications.Results There were no significant differences in the gender,age,glaucoma types,primary operation modes,postoperative follow-up time and preoperative VA (all P ＞0.05).The average duration of hospital stay,postoperative VA and the postoperative complications of group A were better than those of group B and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in IOP at different time points between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The operative successful rates of the two groups were 64.3％ and 66.6％,respectively(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The in-situ microinvasive revision surgery on the basis of the UBM examination is a good choice for patients with the fibrotic filtering bleb of the unlocked inner passageway in the filter aisle and a latent liquid dark cavity that is interlinked with the anterior chamber under the scleral flap or the liquid dark cavity of the capsule.

Contribution of 3CD Region to the Virulence of Enterovirus 71 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Enterovirus 71 is a neuroinvasive virus that is associated with severe neurological complications. We had earlier suggested that the replication capacity of a severe strain was higher than that of a mild strain. The recombinant 3CRV and 3CDRV virus strains were successfully rescued in our previous study. In the present study, we found no difference in virulence between 3CRV and severe strains. However, the capacity of replication and to cause cell injury of 3CDRV strain decreased in vitro, especially at 39.5 °C. Replacement of 3CD region in the severe strain led to milder symptoms, less body weight loss, and lower viral load in ICR mice. Histopathological findings indicated less severe injury in mice infected with 3CDRV strain. This study suggests that the 3CD region contributes to the attenuation of the severe strain, including its replication capacity and temperature sensitivity.

Construction and identification of human p-selectin promotor luciferase reporter gene vector / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a luciferase reporter gene vector of p-selectin gene promoter and determine its transcriptional activity for screening the effect of drugs on the transcriptional activity of p-selectin promoter.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primers were designed based on human p-selectin promoter sequence from UCSC software. The p-selectin promoter from human genome DNA was then amplified. After digestion of pGL3-Basic vector and p-selectin promoter with Kpn I and Xho I, p-selectin promoter was inserted into pGL3-basic vector. The recombinant plasmid, namely pGL3-p-selectin-promoter, was transiently cotransfected into 293F cells with pRL-SV40 as the control vector, and the activity of the dual luciferase was detected. The transcription activity of serially truncated segments of the p-selectin promoter reporter gene was quantified by luciferase expression. 293F cells transfected with pGL3-p-selectin-promoter reporter gene and dual luciferase were stimulated with LPS, TNF-α and As2O3, and the transcriptional activity of p-selectin promoter were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>pGL3-p-selectin-promoter was constructed successfully as verified by restriction digestion and sequence analysis. The luciferase activity was higher in pGL3-p-selectin-promoter/pRL-SV40 group than in pGL3-basic/pRL-SV40 group (0.8573±0.4703 vs 0.03955±0.05894). pGL3- 1826 bp was actively transcribed compared with pGL3-1092 bp and pGL3-3738 bp. LPS, TNF-α and As2O3 significantly enhanced the transcriptional activity of p-selectin promoter.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>pGL3-p-selectin-promoter can be transcribed and activated in 293F cells. This study provided an important basis for acquiring transcriptional factors and screening inflammatory factors and drugs.</p>

Comparison of the clinical efficacy between Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation andtrabeculectomy in patients with primary open angle glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?AlM: To compare clinical efficacy between Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation and trabeculectomy in patients with primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG) . ?METHODS: This retrospective study included 58 eyes from 45 patients with primary open angle glaucoma. And 32 eyes underwent penetrating trabeculectomy ( group A), while 26 eyes were performed Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation ( group B) . lntraocular pressure ( lOP) , best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , visual field and post-operative complications were observed between these two groups. ?RESULTS:(1) lOP:the lOP of post-operation in group A were (13. 56±4. 91), (14. 47±4. 03), (17. 56±5. 74), (18. 25±5. 49), (18. 13±4. 24), (19. 68±4. 55) mm Hg at 2d, 1, and 2wk, 1, 3 and 6mo respectively; and that were (13.58±4. 16), (16. 00±4. 83), (18. 00±5. 05), (19. 42±5. 41), (18. 42±3. 37), (20. 00±5. 37) mm Hg in group B. There was no statistically significant difference in lOP between the two groups ( P> 0. 05 ). ( 2 ) BCVA: the number of visual acuity decreased eyes, with 6mo follow-up, was 7 (22%) in group A; and that was 5 in group B (19%). There was no statistically significant difference in vision loss postoperatively between the two groups (χ2=0. 061, P>0. 05). (3) Visual field: with 6mo follow-up, there were 13 eyes ( 41%) which had constricted visual field in group A, while those were 10 eyes (38%) in group B; the difference of visual field loss between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0. 028, P>0. 05 ) . ( 4 ) Complications: six-month follow-up after operation, there were 4 eyes with shallow anterior chamber, 4 eyes with complicated cataract and 1 eyes with Descemet’s membrane detachment in group A, while that was 1 eyes with shallow anterior chamber and 1 eyes with complicated cataract in group B; there was statistically significant difference in the rate of complications between the two groups (χ2 = 4. 144, P0. 05). ? CONCLUSlON: Both Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation and trabeculectomy are effective methods for the treatment of POAG. The clinical efficacy was no difference between the two methods. However, compared with trabeculectomy, Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation was safer and had fewer complications.

Optimal treatment for malignant glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AlM:To investigate the choice of different treatments for malignant glaucoma.? METHODS: ln this retrospective case series, 21 malignant glaucoma patients ( 21 eyes ) admitted in Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command from May 2012 to May 2013 were analyzed. Sixteen eyes ( 76%) developed malignant glaucoma after filtration surgery, 3 eyes ( 14%) after EX - PRESS glaucoma filtration device, 2 eyes ( 10%) after glaucoma filtration Ahmed valve implantation. Main Outcome of corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , anterior chamber depth and complications were detected.?RESULTS: lOP recovered by drug control in 13 eyes, anterior chamber depth. Four eyes were treated by vitreous water- bag aspiration combined with anterior chambers reconstructing. Two eyes were treated by cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Two eyes were treated by posterior capsule excision combined with anterior vitrectomy. lOP before and after treatment was 29. 81±4. 98, 12. 71±3. 77mmHg, respectively (P=0. 00). Anterior chamber depth before and after treatment was 0.41± 0. 34, 2. 13 ± 0. 54mm, respectively (P = 0. 00). Corrected visual acuity before treatment was 0. 19 ± 0. 17, after treatment was 0. 20±0. 16 (P= 0. 36). Except for vitreous hemorrhage in 1 eye, there were no ocular or systemic adverse events observed in all patients.? CONCLUSlON: lt is good to diagnose malignant glaucoma in early period, and treated it step by step. For this can reduce lOP and restore anterior chamber.

Clinical observation of EX - PRESS glaucoma drainage device on open angle glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the safety and effect of EX-PRESS glaucoma drainage device on open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: A retrospective review of 40 patients ( 47 eyes ) whose eyes were diagnosed as open angle glaucoma through the best - corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , gonioscope, examination of the ocular fundus, and visual fields et al. Fourty patients 6-73y old ( mean 39. 90±16. 50y old) with the BCVA from 0. 01 to 0. 6 and the IOP from 18mmHg to 65mmHg were treated with EX-PRESS glaucoma drainage device after achieving not well IOP over three drugs. Follow - up of these patients 1d, 3d and 1wk after treatment, IOP, slit lamp examination were retrospectively observed. The changes of the BCVA, IOP were used to evaluate the safety and effect before and after treatmeat. RESULTS: The mean BCVA was 0. 26 ± 0. 29 pre -operatively, while it was 0. 24±0. 22 after treatment one week. The mean BCVA decreased slightly, but there was no statistic difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment (t=1. 56,P=0. 13). The mean IOP was (36. 62 ±14.01)mmHg pre-operatively, (10.04±5.77)mmHg after treatment one day , ( 9. 59±4. 93 ) mmHg after treatment three days, (9. 47±3. 06)mmHg after treatment one week. The IOP was decreased significantly in post-treatment after one day, three days, one week compared with pre-treatment (F=157. 20, P CONCLUSION:EX-PRESS glaucoma drainage device is an effective and safe treatment for the patients with open-angle glaucoma. The risk and complication are low intraoperatively and postoperatively.

Research progress in human enterovirus recombination / 病毒学报

Complex genetic variation has been known to occur during the transmission of human enterovirus (HEV), and the HEV virulence and pathogenicity enhanced by genetic recombination also pose a serious threat to human health. In recent years, the interest in recombination mechanism of genetic plasticity has been renewed with the emergence of pathogenic recombinant circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, which were implicated in poliomyelitis outbreaks in several regions of the world with insufficient vaccination coverage. This paper reviews recent research progress in HEV genome, including evolutionary characteristics, recombination types, and in vitro recombinant construction.

Study on functions of N-carbohydrate chains in human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein / 病毒学报

To determine the functions of N-carbohydrate chains in human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase(HN) protein, a PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis method was used to obtain N-glycan mutants. Protein electrophoresis rate, cell surface expression,receptor binding activity, neuraminidase activity and cell fusion promotion activity were determined. The HN proteins of single mutants (G1, G2, and G4) and multiple mutants (G12, G14, G24 and G124) migrated faster than the wild-type (wt) HN protein on polyacrylamide gels, while G3-mutated protein and wt HN protein migrated at the same position. There was no statistic difference in cell surface expression and neuraminidase activity between wt and each mutant HN protein (P>0.05), but receptor binding activity and cell fusion promotion activity of each mutant protein was reduced to significant extent (P<0.05). G1, G2 and G4 mutants exhibited re duced receptor binding activity, which was 83.94%, 76.45% and 55.32% of the wt level, respectively. G1, G2 and G4-mutated proteins also showed reductions in fusion promotion activity, which was 80.84%, 77.83% and 64.16%, respectively. Multiple mutants with G12-, G14-, G24- and G124- substitutions could further reduce receptor binding activities, 33.07%, 20.67%, 19.96% and 15.11% of the wt HN level, respectively. G12, G14, G24 and G124 mutants exhibited levels of fusion promotion activity that were only 46.360, 12.04%, 13.43% and 4.05% of the wt amount, respectively. As N-glycans of hPIV3 HN protein play an important role in receptor binding activity and cell fusion promotion activity of HN protein. We propose that the loss of N-glycans change the conformation or orientation of globular domain that is responsible for receptor binding and lower receptor binding activity and cell fusion promotion activi ty.

Advances in the structure and function of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus HA protein / 病毒学报

Since March 2009, pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus has been spreading throughout many countries including China. The emerged virus caused great harm to human health and social economy. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the most important viral surface glycoprotein, mainly possessing three kinds of functions: (1) binding to host cell receptor, (2) triggering the fusion between viral envelop and target cell membrane, (3) stimulating the body to generate the neutralizing antibody. Advances in the structure, primary function, evolution and antigenicity of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus HA protein are reviewed in this paper.

Mitochondrial molecular genetics for a pedigree with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)is a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)hereditary disease,so it is significant to understand the influence of DNA mutation on the occurrence of LHON.Objective This survey was to evaluate the role of mtDNA mutation in the development of LHON.Methods This survey study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command and written informed consent was obtained from each subject before the relative medial examination.Seventy-two matrilineal relatives from a family with LHON were collected for a pedigree analysis and mutation screening.Regular eye examination was performed on 11 patients,13 mutant gene carriers and 49 individuals with normal phenotype,and the degree of visual damage was graded as follows: ＞0.3 was normal,0.1-0.3 was mild damage,＜0.05-0.1 was moderate damage,＜0.02-0.05 was severe damage and ＜0.01 was very severe damage.Clinical characteristics of LHON was evaluated.The periphery blood sample of 2-4 ml was collected from individuals to separate the mononuclear cells,and the mtDNA was extracted by modified high salt method.MtDNA was amplified by PCR and the mutation loci was sequenced.Results PCR amplification product sequencing of mutant gene showed that both G11778A and T14502C mutations were detected in 24 of 72 matrilineal relatives,but only 11 of 24 carriers developed LHON.No abnormal clinical findings were seen in the 13 carriers,showing a less 50％ penetrance in this family.There was no G11778A or/and T14502C mutation in the normal phenotype individuals of this family.The onset age for vision impairment in 11 affected matrilineal relatives varied from 8 to 50 years old,with the mean age of 24.36 years old,showing a significantly lower age than that of the 13 carriers (5-72 years old,mean 40.38 years old) (t =2.102,P=0.049).Conclusions This study suggests that the Gl1778A and T14502C mutation in mitochondrial DNA is one of causes in the development of LHON.The primary G11778A mutation together with T14502C mutation in mtDNA is a factor for the occurrence of LHON,hut it is not sufficient to the development of LHON.An effective “second hit” process will play an inducing role for LHON.

Development and applications of a gastrointestinal monitoring microsystem based on the smart capsule / 中国医疗器械杂志

A newly-developed gastrointestinal (GI) monitoring system based on a smart capsule is presented in the paper. The unprecedented 130-200 hours battery life and smaller size (10 mm x 20 mm) allows the physician to get total pan-colonic measurements of high-amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs). To test the in vivo performance of the monitoring system, 15 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with slow transportation constipation (STC) participate in this study. The average of HAPCs occurred in patients is significantly lower than in volunteers (12.4 +/- 3.3 vs. 18.5 +/- 3.7 p = 0.013). The system provides a useful tool for STC diagnosis and treatments of patients.